من الشائع أن يصاب الأطفال بالصفراء و خاصة حديثي الولادة وذلك بسبب عدم قدرة الكبد على تحليل البيليروبين بشكل كافي و صحيح .
البيليروبين :- هي مادة صفراء تنتج عن تحليل و تكسير كريات الدم الحمراء من مادة الهيموجلوبين التي تعطي كريات الدم الحمراء لونها الأحمر.
تختلف الصفراء من الأطفال الحديثي الولادة إلى الأطفال الأكبر سناً .
أنواع الصفراء :-
- النوع الأول :- يرقان “hepatocellular ” وهذا النوع يأتي بسبب إصابة الكبد بأمراض .
- النوع الثاني :- يرقان انسدادي يأتي بسبب انسداد القناة الصفراوية بين الكبد و الشركةرياس .
- النوع الثالث :- يرقان انحلالي يأتي بسبب نزول سريع جدا لنسبة كريات الدم الحمراء يؤدي إلى ارتفاع شديد لنسبة البيليروبين في الدم.
أسباب الصفراء :-
- ‘EBV’ فيروس إبشتاين بار و هو فيروس يصيب الكثير و يؤدي الي ارتفاع نسبة كريات الدم البيضاء .
- التهابات الكبد .
- تراكم حصى المرارة.
- الأنيميا و فقر الدم .
من الممكن معرفة إصابة الأطفال بالصفراء عن طريق فحص الجسم وملاحظة تغير و اصفرار لون جلد الطفل و اصفرار الجزء الأبيض بالعين ، و ممكن الخضوع للكشف الطبي عن طريق تحاليل الدم و البول .
أعراض الصفراء عند الأطفال :-
من العلامات المعروفة للصفراء عند الرضع هي
- اصفرار لون الجلد واصفرار الجزء الأبيض من العين .
- تغمق البول ، تشحب البراز .
- فقدان الشهية و انعدام الرغبة في الرضاعة.
- كثرة النعاس.
- قلة الوزن.
طرق علاج الصفراء للأطفال :-
- الضوء :- التعرض للأشعة الضوئية تحت ضوء خاص مغطى بغطاء بلاستيك لتنقية الضوء فوق البنفسجي هذا الضوء يقوم بعلاج البيليروبين التي تقوم بتكسير كرات الدم الحمراء.
- في بعض الحالات تختفى الصفراء للأطفال الرضع و تعالج بطريقة سهلة جدا وهي الرضاعة الجيدة .
- من الممكن أيضا استخدام بعض الأدوية أو البلازما ، في حالة علو نسبة الصفرا لدرجة تدمير كرات الدم الحمراء .
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